{"id":8087,"date":"2021-04-15T15:43:45","date_gmt":"2021-04-15T15:43:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/?p=8087"},"modified":"2021-04-21T10:09:07","modified_gmt":"2021-04-21T10:09:07","slug":"growing-3-9-weeks-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/zh-hant\/growing-3-9-weeks-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Growing (3 &#8211; 9 weeks)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Light program<\/h2>\n<p><strong>BASIC PRINCIPLES<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"milista1\">\n<li>The hours of light at the end of rearing should equal the hours of light at the production house before the start of light stimulation.<\/li>\n<li>The light intensity should be similar to what pullets will find in the production house.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Design your light program in five steps<\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Step 1<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>What is the destination of the pullets?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"row padding\">\n<div class=\"col-1-2 padding\">How many hours of light do you have in your country?<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8088\" src=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/map.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/map-420x215.jpg 420w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/map-768x393.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>Examples:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8091\" src=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/example.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/example.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/example-420x158.jpg 420w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/example-768x288.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-1-2 padding\">Hours between Sunrise and Sunset in the<br \/>\nNorthern and Southern Hemispheres<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8094\" src=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hours.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"1526\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4><strong>Step 2<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Where will the birds be transported to and from?<\/strong><br \/>\nThis determines the number of hours at the end of the program.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-8103\" src=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hours-transport.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hours-transport.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hours-transport-420x134.jpg 420w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hours-transport-768x245.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><br \/>\n<em>* Open house: any construction where you have &gt; 3 lux. ** Close house: any construction where you have &lt; 3 lux.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Step 3<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Number of hours in the rearing house<\/strong><br \/>\nDepending on limitations in step 1 and 2, determines the optimum end hours for your type of house: open or dark<\/p>\n<div class=\"row padding\">\n<div class=\"col-1-2\"><strong>Shorter: ending at 10 \u2013 11 hours \/ day<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"milista1\">\n<li>Closed houses and when natural daylight allows<\/li>\n<li>Electricity savings<\/li>\n<li>Concentrate feed intake<\/li>\n<li>Feed intake challenge<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-1-2\"><strong>Longer: ending at 12 \u2013 14 hours \/ day<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"milista1\">\n<li>Mostly open houses<\/li>\n<li>More time for feed intake<\/li>\n<li>Higher energy costs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row padding\"><strong>Remember: The hours of light at the end of rearing should equal the hours of light at the production house before the start of light stimulation.<\/strong><\/div>\n<h4><strong>Step 4<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Speed of light reduction<\/strong><br \/>\nWe recommend a moderate speed of reduction.<br \/>\nModerate reduction until target:<\/p>\n<div class=\"row padding\">\n<div class=\"col-1-2 padding\">\n<ul class=\"milista1\">\n<li>The moderate reduction is the best method to get the better egg size for incubation (58 to 60 grams) as quickly as possible. It is critical to keep the size under control as the flock ages.<\/li>\n<li>Have the less number of hours of light at 8 weeks for white PS and at 9 weeks of age for Brown Nick.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-1-2 padding\">\n<ul class=\"milista1\">\n<li>Gives more time for feed intake<\/li>\n<li>The weekly reduction will depend on achieving the weekly body weights and uniformities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<h4><strong>Step 5<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Light intensity at the destination<\/strong><br \/>\nLight intensity should be adapted across the different rearing periods.<\/p>\n<p>During the first week, a higher intensity is needed to activate the birds. After week 5, the light intensity should be decreased to calm the birds and prevent pecking and cannibalism. This is also recommended in open rearing houses.<\/p>\n<p>In cages, light intensity should be measured at feeder and drinker level on bottom, middle and top tiers cages, mid-way between lights. Map the light intensity in the house. Use the bottom one to adjust light intensity to follow recommendations.<\/p>\n<p>On floor\/aviary, measure at bird level head, between light bulbs, at drinker and feeder level. Use the lower value to adjust to follow the recommendations.<\/p>\n<p>On floor\/aviary systems, try to bring light intensity in last 4 to 6 weeks of rearing on minimal of 10 lux for white and 15 lux for brown breeders to prevent floor eggs in production.<\/p>\n<p>Light intensity should be measured at feeders and drinkers level.<\/p>\n<p>Stimulate males and females at the same time and when body weight is in both at standard (18 weeks of age) and uniformity is more than 85 %.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8114\" src=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/grafic.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"553\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/grafic.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/grafic-420x232.jpg 420w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/grafic-768x425.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Pullet development<\/h2>\n<p>Pullets show extreme body growth during this period. This is especially true if we consider the percentage of growth compared with the previous body weight.<\/p>\n<p>Even more importantly, at this stage the birds will develop most of their organs, skeletal system and muscles which are essential for their health and performance. Therefore, correct growth during this period is key to having healthy and productive adult birds.<\/p>\n<p>If growth is delayed in this period, further compensatory growth is impossible: the bone frame will stay as it is. The birds can reach the standard weight but the body content and size will differ and hens can become over fattened.<\/p>\n<p>This also applies to male development; a correct body weight gain and uniformity is strongly related with good fertility. Always keep the body weight at standard and uniformity above 85 %.<br \/>\nChange diets if body weight is on the target at the corresponding age: 0\u20135, 6\u201310 and 11 to 17 weeks (see the nutrition chapter). With a uniformity above 80 %. In case you didn\u2019t achieve it, delay the change one or two weeks. Also, could delay the change in case of stress events, like vaccinations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>It is very important to achieve the standard body weight during the first 12 weeks of age.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8120\" src=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/development-e1618841829562.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"982\" height=\"635\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/development-e1618841829562.jpg 982w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/development-e1618841829562-420x272.jpg 420w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/development-e1618841829562-768x497.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 982px) 100vw, 982px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Feed intake<\/h2>\n<p>Considering the importance of growth in this period, the daily consumption of the birds is below what it should be. It is very important to promote good feed consumption to maintain correct development:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"milista1\">\n<li>Temperature at week 3 should be 22\u201323 \u02daC. This can be slowly reduced over the next few weeks to around 19 \u02daC at 9 weeks of age.<\/li>\n<li>Maintain a low stocking density. In cage and aviary row rearing systems birds should distributed along all the cages as soon as possible.<\/li>\n<li>Provide a \u201cmidnight snack\u201d if the standard weight described in the section 8 is not reached or under hot climate.Follow the feeder and water space recommendations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When possible, the feed intake training can start at 5\u20136 weeks of age. More details in page 32 of rearing period chapter. Providing good quality feed is also key to good bird development.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Brown nick<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8127\" src=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/brown-nick-feed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"749\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/brown-nick-feed.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/brown-nick-feed-420x315.jpg 420w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/brown-nick-feed-768x575.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Crystal | Super nick | Nick chick | Coral<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8130\" src=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/other-feed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"730\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/other-feed.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/other-feed-420x307.jpg 420w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/other-feed-768x561.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Feathering<\/h2>\n<p>Correct feathering is essential to enable a bird to regulate its temperature properly and is indicative of good development. A series of natural molting will occur during the rearing period: one complete molting (between 1 to 6 weeks) and three partials at 7 to 9 weeks, 12 to 16 weeks and 20\u201322 weeks when the stiff tail feathers are grown.<\/p>\n<p>It is important that molting occurs in the indicated periods, otherwise it may signal delayed physiological development of the birds: nutritional, management, disease or any other problem.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to periodically evaluate the feather conditions both during rearing and production periods. Loss of feather during production could indicate a stressor, impacting on the flock.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8143\" src=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Feathering.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Feathering.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Feathering-420x236.jpg 420w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Feathering-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>One of the tools to evaluate the status of the flock is by the primary feathers condition which can be done with certain frequency (for example, every other week). This can helps us to either evaluate the status of feathering during rearing and production. Keep in mind that the number of molted feathers could give us an indication of the extent and magnitude of the stressor.<br \/>\nHere is a list of stressors that can impact on the flock inducing partial \u201cmolting\u201d therefore impacting on the primary feathers development:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"milista1\">\n<li>decrease of daylight<\/li>\n<li>loss of body weight<\/li>\n<li>disease<\/li>\n<li>excessive cold or hot<\/li>\n<li>irregular feeding<\/li>\n<li>insufficient feed<\/li>\n<li>management (overcrowding, water deprivation or low flow insufficient feed or water space ventilation issue), etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some birds reduce body weight and production but never cease producing eggs; you could see excessive feathers on the floor or manure belt.<\/p>\n<div class=\"row padding\">\n<div class=\"col-1-3 padding\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8156\" src=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/primary-feather.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"627\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/primary-feather.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/primary-feather-420x329.jpg 420w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/primary-feather-768x602.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><br \/>\nThe axial and primary feathers on a wing of a chicken not in molt<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-1-3 padding\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8149\" src=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/four-feather.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"627\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/four-feather.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/four-feather-420x329.jpg 420w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/four-feather-768x602.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><br \/>\nFour feather molt, induced by an important stressor<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-1-3 padding\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8152\" src=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/one-feather.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"627\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/one-feather.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/one-feather-420x329.jpg 420w, https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/one-feather-768x602.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><br \/>\nOne feather molt (First one); partial molting induced by a stressor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Perches<\/h2>\n<p>Perching improve nesting behavior, animal welfare, improve livability, bone\/muscle structure and reduce floor eggs. They need to be placed as soon as 3 weeks of age.<\/p>\n<p>Characteristics:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"milista1\">\n<li>Perches must have oval or round shape.<\/li>\n<li>Perches should have 8 to 12 cm of available space per bird (12 cm is best). The value depends on the bird density (higher value for high stocking density).<\/li>\n<li>At least 2,5 cm width or wider.<\/li>\n<li>Is recommended to place the perches as early as 3 weeks of age.<\/li>\n<li>Perches helps to reduce piling behavior.<\/li>\n<li>Perches improve bird welfare.<\/li>\n<li>Perches increase the floor space in the house.<\/li>\n<li>In case houses with 1\/3 of floor with slats, always place the perches on the slats.<\/li>\n<li>Use the same type of perches in rearing and production.<\/li>\n<li>Preferably, place perches on the feeder line.<\/li>\n<li>Seal cracks, fissures and open ends of pipes to reduce areas where mites can hide.<\/li>\n<li>Positive effect on male\/female behavior (aggressive males) for sure important in white breeders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>KEY POINTS<br \/>\n\u00b7 Implement the lighting program according to your house conditions.<br \/>\n\u00b7 Never allow day length to increase during the rearing period.<br \/>\n\u00b7 Achieve the required body weight (males and females) during the first 12 weeks of age.with uniformity of at least 85 %.<br \/>\n\u00b7 Provide enough feeder space as soon as possible.<br \/>\n\u00b7 Follow the feathering and natural molting to check a correct physiological development.<br \/>\n\u00b7 Males and females should be rearing together (cage and floor).<br \/>\n\u00b7 Place perches at 3 weeks of age (floor rearing).<br \/>\n\u00b7 Discard of sexing errors at 6 to 7 weeks of age.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"row padding\">\n<div class=\"col-1-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8167\" src=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/perches-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"469\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-1-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8164\" src=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/perches-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"663\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Light program BASIC PRINCIPLES The hours of light at the end of rearing should equal the hours of light at the production house before the start of light stimulation. The light intensity should be similar to what pullets will find in the production house. Design your light program in five steps Step 1 What is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1483,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8087","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-parent-stock"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Growing (3 - 9 weeks) - H&amp;N International<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hn-int.codiantwp.com\/zh-hant\/growing-3-9-weeks-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_TW\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Growing (3 - 9 weeks) - H&amp;N International\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Light program BASIC PRINCIPLES The hours of light at the end of rearing should equal the hours of light at the production house before the start of light stimulation. 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